Some Definitions/explanations of electrical terms
(unit: coulomb, C; letter symbol: q or Q )
The
electric charge is the most basic quantity in
electrical engineering, and arises from the
atomic particles of which matter is made.
(unit: volt, V; letter symbol: v or V )
The potential difference, also known as voltage, is the work done (or energy required) to
move a unit positive charge from one point to another (across a circuit element).
Thus the change in work done $dw$ when a charge $dq$ moves through a potential difference of v
Current
(unit: ampere, A; letter symbol: i or I )
The
electric current is the rate of charge flow in a circuit.
$$i = {dq \over dt} \,\quad q = ∫i dt$$
Energy
(unit: joule, J; letter symbol: w or W )
The
Energy is the capacity to do work. Thus in electrical quantities this may be expressed as
$$∫ dw = ∫ v.dq = ∫ v.i.dt$$
(unit: watt, W; letter symbol: p or P )
The electric power is the rate of change of energy.
$$p = (v)(i) = ({dw \over dq})({dq \over dt})$$
Common usage of letter symbols
It is common practice to use the simple letters (such as $v$, $i$, $p$, $w$) to represent quantities which
are varying with time, and capital letters (such as $V$, $I$, $P$, $W$) to represent quantities which are
constants. But this need not always be done and is a useful practice rather than a rule. With
representation of elements, obviously this practice does not exist as they are not time
variables.
The letter $j$ is normally used for the imaginary operator $√-1$ as $i$ is almost invariably used to
denote current.
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